Embryonic stem cell: pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst
Adult stem cell: undifferentiated cell, found throughout the body after development, that multiplies by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues
Blastocyst: an early-stage preimplantation embryo (3 to 5 days old)
Pluripotency: The ability to differentiate into multiple cell types
Induced pluripotent cell: An adult cell that is genetically reprogrammed to have the pluripotent quality of an embryonic stem cell
Differentiation: The process through which a cell becomes specialized
Progenitor cell: Cell that differentiates into a specialized cell, but is more specific than a stem cell. Unlike a stem cell, it cannot divide indefinitely.
Proliferation: the growth, production and replication of cells
Sources: http://stemcells.nih.gov/Pages/Default.aspx
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